Reference format for print books
Author, Initial. (Year). Book title. City of publication, Country/State: Publisher. |
No author
Reference list entry:
Collins concise New Zealand dictionary (7th ed.). (2008). London, England: Collins. |
In-text citations:
...this definition from the Collins Concise New Zealand Dictionary (2008) shows... ...highlights the debate around nuclear weapons ("Nuke Test Inquiry,"2009). |
One author
Reference list entry:
Gambles, I. (2009). Making the business case: Proposals that succeed for projects that work. Farnham, England: Ashgate. |
Gambles (2009) states.... ....can lead to a more successful outcome (Gamble, 2009) |
Two - seven authors
Reference list entry:
Gazda, G. M., Balzer, F. J., Childers, W. C., Nealy, A. U., Phelps, R. E., & Walters, R. P. (2005). Human relations development: A manual for educators (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Educational. |
In-text citations - two authors
Walker and Allen (2004) said.... ....stop smoking (Walker & Allen, 2004). |
In-text citations - three, four or five authors
First citation in text: ... as the findings suggested (Alred, Brusaw, & Oliu, 2009) Subsequent citations: ... in the same study (Alred et al., 2009). Alfred et al. (2009) found that ... |
In-text citations - six or more authors
Kosslyn et al. (1996) found that ... |
Corporate author (organization)
Reference list entry:
New Zealand Health Information Service. (2003). Report on maternity: Maternal and newborn information. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Health. |
In-text citations:
.... as research indicates (Inland Revenue Department [IRD], 2007) Subsequent citations: .... suggested by recent statistics (IRD, 2010). |
Unabbreviated corporate authors
In-text citation:
.... on student retention (The University of Auckland, 2010). |
Write the corporate author in full every time if it is not well known by abbreviation.
Reference list entry:
New Zealand Universities Academic Audit Unit. (1988). Academic audit reports: Reports of the general academic audits of New Zealand universities. Wellington, New Zealand: Author. |
In the reference list, where the author and publisher are the same, use the word Author in the publisher position.
Reference list entry:
Berk, L. E. (2004). Development through the lifespan (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. |
Edited book
Reference list entry:
Sykes, P., & Potts, A. (Eds.). (2008). Researching education from the inside: Investigations from within. London, England: Routledge. |
Reference list entry:
Easton, B. (2008). Does poverty affect health? In K. Dew & A. Matheson (Eds.), Understanding health inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp. 97–106). Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago University Press. |
Reference list entry:
Root, J. (2007). Film noir. In P. Cook (Ed.), The cinema book (3rd ed., pp. 305–315). London, England: British Film Institute. |
Esposito, A. & Jain, L. C. (Eds.). (2016). Modeling emotions. In Toward robotic socially believable behaving systems series (Vol. 1). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31056-5 |
Several volumes in a multivolume work
Koch, S. (Ed.). (1959-1963). Psychology: A study of science (Vols. 1-6). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. |
Reference list entry:
Freud, S. (1953). The method of interpreting dreams: An analysis of a specimen dream. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 4, pp. 96-121). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books (Original work published 1900) |
Classical works
Reference list entry:
Plato. (1961). Meno (R. S. Bluck, Trans.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published ca. 380 B.C.) |
Wordless picture book
Reference format:
Creator (Illustrator), Initial. (Year). Book title. City of publication, Country/State: Publisher. |
Reference list entry:
Lehman, B. (2011). The secret box. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Books for Children. |
Graphic novel where author and illustrator are given equal credit for authorship
Reference format:
Author, Initial. & Illustrator, Initial. (Year). Book title. City of publication, Country/State: Publisher. |
Reference list entry:
Moore, A., & Gibbons, D. (1986). Watchmen. New York, NY: DC Comics. |
Reference list entry:
Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth. https://doi.org/10.1036/0071393722 |
Reference list entry:
Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success [Kindle DX version]. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com |
Reference list entry:
Austen, J. (1853). Pride and prejudice: A novel. Retrieved from http://books.google.co.nz/books?printsec=frontcover&dq=austen#v=onepage&q=&f=false. |
Reference list entry:
Knox, P. L., & Mayer, H. (2009). Small town sustainability: economic, social, and environmental innovation. Retrieved from http://www.ebookcentral.proquest.com |
For example:
Replace the database URL for the reference above,
https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/lib/AUT/detail.action?docID=1121624
with the Proquest homepage URL:
http://www.ebookcentral.proquest.com
Chapter in an edited ebook - with DOI:
Reference list entry:
Helmig, B., & Thaler, J. (2010). Nonprofit marketing. In R. Taylor (Ed.), Third sector research (pp.151–169). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5707-8_12 |
Chapter in an edited ebook - not from AUT Library:
Reference list entry:
Anderson, E. (2005). Dewey's moral philosophy. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall, 2008 ed.). Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dewey-moral/ |
Reference list entry:
Light. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/light |
Reference list entry:
Mpofu, C. (Ed.). (2010). Psychology and lifespan development: An introductory text for health professionals [Custom textbook]. North Shore, New Zealand: Pearson Custom Publication. |
Book - where the organisation is named:
Reference list entry:
Krägeloh, C. (Ed.). (2008). Research methods and statistics in the health sciences [Custom textbook]. North Ryde, Australia: McGraw-Hill Custom Publication for Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology. |
Chong, S. & Werner, M. (Ed.). (2016). ACCT 601 accounting practice & systems for AUT University [Custom textbook]. Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning. Custom publication for Faculty of Business and Law, Auckland University of Technology. |
Book chapter:
Reference list entry:
Bordens, K., & Abbott, B. (2008). Explaining behavior. In C. Krägeloh (Ed.), Research methods and statistics in the health sciences [Custom textbook] (pp. 3–30). North Ryde, Australia: McGraw-Hill Custom Publication for Facultyof Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology. |
A reference list only lists the sources you have referred to in your writing.
The purpose of the reference list is to allow your sources to be be found by your reader. It also gives credit to authors whose work and ideas you have considered. All references cited in the text must appear in the reference list, except for personal communications (such as conversations or emails) which cannot be retrieved.
A bibliography is different from a reference list as it lists all the sources used during your research and background reading, not just the ones you refer to in your writing.
References |
Alred, G. J., Brusaw, C. T., & Oliu, W. E. (2009). The business writer’s handbook. New York, NY: St Martin's Press. |
Best, A. (2004). International history of the twentieth century. Retrieved from http://www.netlibrary.com |
Easton, B. (2008). Does poverty affect health? In K. Dew & A. Matheson (Eds.), Understanding health inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp. 97–106). Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago University Press. |
Flesch, R. (n.d.). How to write plain English. Retrieved April 12, 2009, from http://www.mang.canterbury.ac.nz/writing_guide /writing/flesch.shtml |
Global warming. (2009, June 1). Retrieved June 4, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming |
Li, S., & Seale, C. (2007). Learning to do qualitative data analysis: An observational study of doctoral work. Qualitative Health Research, 17, 1442–1452. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732307306924 |
Radio New Zealand. (2008). Annual report 2007-2008. Retrieved from http://static.radionz.net.nz/assets /pdf_file/0010/179676/Radio_NZ_Annual_Report_2008.pdf |
Read, E. (2007, November 1). Myth-busting gen Y. New Zealand Management. Retrieved from http://www.management.co.nz |
A secondary citation is where you are citing information or quotes the author of your reference has taken from source that you have not read.
In-text citation:
Seidenberg and McClelland’s study, conducted in 1990 (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993), shows that ... |
... as some studies show (Seidenberg & McClelland, as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993). |
Reference list entry:
Coltheart, M., Curtis, B. Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 589–608. |